9/4/06

FILM: 'Half Nelson' and 'Idlewild'


By Steve Vineberg


Ryan Gosling is one of the handsomest leading men to come up in the last five years, but as an actor he doesn’t appear to have any vanity. (If he did, presumably he would have chosen a more graceful professional name.) There’s nothing self-protective about the way he plays Dan Dunne, the crack-addicted high school history teacher and basketball coach in the new movie Half Nelson. It’s a down-and-dirty performance. At one point Dan tells his ex-girlfriend, Rachel (Tina Holmes)—they grew apart when she made it through rehab and he didn’t, and now, back in the old neighborhood to visit her ailing mother, she lets him know she’s engaged to someone else—that he’s still an asshole, and he often is. He maintains a junkie’s remoteness from his family, even when he spends time with them; his latest relationship, with a fellow teacher (Monique Curnen), is mostly opportunistic—a chance for sex, with no emotional follow-through—and he behaves so insensitively to her that she slugs him and retreats to her bedroom until he’s cleared off. Gosling doesn’t try to make Dan lovable; when he turns off the people who care about him—usually with a long-distance stare or a delayed, faraway reply—the actor doesn’t peek through with a reassurance that he’s really a good guy who’s just operating at diminished capacity. We have to judge his potential for salvation in his moments of consciousness (as we did, for instance, with Michael Keaton’s doper in Clean and Sober)—and in his interaction with his students, who are all African American and who respond easily to his hipster humor and his obvious delight in their street wit and his efforts to find a way to make history meaningful to them. (He starts by acknowledging that they hate coming to this tough Brooklyn school—or at least, that they’d never admit they didn’t—and then rides over their renegade pose by sparking their interest.) He’s a gifted teacher, when he’s not too distracted or hung over to turn the key in his own ignition.

The key to Gosling’s performance—which is, I think, amazing—is the way he balances Dan’s engagement and disengagement. He alternates druggy, deep-interior rhythms with the balls-of-his-feet, ricocheting rhythms of a basketball player, feinting and bounding. There’s a sorrowful scene in the movie where the father of one of his former students sees him drinking in a bar and heads over to say hello. The man is eager to tell him that his daughter is majoring in history at Georgetown and to thank Dan for inspiring her, but Dan’s so stoned that he can’t place the girl’s name; he just echoes it foggily. You know, from what you’ve seen of him in the classroom—and from the friendship that’s grown up, awkwardly, between him and one of his students (who also plays on his team), a wiry African-American girl named Drey (Shareeka Epps)—that he must have cared deeply about this man’s daughter, but he doesn’t have the wherewithal at the moment to hook up with whatever he felt for her when she was his student. And there are times when he deflects Drey’s attempts to get closer. Drey’s older brother is in jail for peddling dope; the man he ran for, Frank (Anthony Mackie), who sells crack to Dan, warns her to stay away from him because “he’s a basehead, and baseheads got no friends.” The arc of Dan’s character is his disproving Frank’s analysis—despite his own lack of faith in his own ability to stay connected to anything outside drugs. In his own words, he has to fight his tendency to behave like an asshole.

There isn’t much of a movie around Gosling, Mackie, and Epps, a fine young actress with a talent for being open and guarded at the same time. The script by Anna Boden and director Ryan Fleck sets up the basic irony—that a crack dealer and a crack addict are in competition for the loyalty—the soul, really—of an impressionable ghetto kid. (If there’s any moral ambiguity about which way she should be leaning, when Frank tempts her to run deliveries for him the screenwriters tip their hand. The movie doesn’t really rise above melodrama.) But they don’t provide the kind of dialogue that fills in the characters. When Dan begs Frank to stay away from Drey for her own good, and Frank, indignant, asks him if he thinks he’s in a moral position to make that demand, the best Boden and Fleck can do is to have Dan repeat several times, “I—don’t—know!”; it’s the intensity of Gosling’s reading, and the layers of anguish and self-doubt he supplies, that carry the scene. And Fleck is a clumsy director; he not only lacks technique—he lacks basic skill. The camera is almost never in the right place; sometimes you have to squint and crane your neck to see what exactly is going on, the way you do in a small theater when the patron in front of you keeps shifting his head. Drey finds out about Dan’s habit not from Frank but from her own observations; after a basketball game one day, she wanders into the locker room and finds him high, with a pipe clenched in his fist. This scene of odd, unplanned-for intimacy, where the adult and the child switch roles—he asks her for a wet paper towel for his face, and gets her to stay with him until he can regain some balance—is so beautifully acted by both Gosling and Epps that the terrible camerawork feels like an insult.

On the other hand, except for the narrative contrivances (one sets up the crucial scene where Drey—whose own father is even less of a presence than her jailed brother—chooses between the two strong male influences in her life), the filmmakers try hard to maintain naturalism. That is, Fleck does—he has an authentic touch with the actors, including Collins Pennie and Karen Chilton as Drey’s brother and her mother, a hard-working paramedic, and the stage actor Denis O’Hare as a colleague of Dan’s whose ironic style masks real concern for his well-being. The only sequence that feels phony is the one where Dan has dinner with his family and we’re cued to see his alcoholic parents (Deborah Rush and Jay O. Sanders) as the sources of his drug problem. The rest of the acting bears the hallmark of truth, especially that of the three principals, and that’s why Half Nelson, for all its glaring faults, tends to stay with you. You can do a lot worse than spend a couple of hours watching Ryan Gosling burrow his way inside the white-hot skin of Danny Dunne.


_______________

















Big Boi and friends in 'Idlewild'

The Prohibition-set African-American gangster musical Idlewild, written and directed by Bryan Barker, with songs by the hip-hop artists Outkast and starring that duo, André Benjamin (André 3000) and Antwan Patton (Big Boi), is a fiasco. But it doesn’t make you cringe or turn away in embarrassment as other recent musicals have: De-Lovely, Beyond the Sea, The Phantom of the Opera, Rent. Barker has talent but lacks the kind of skill you need to realize ambitions as big as his, and though he’s bursting with ideas, for every good one he comes up with there are 10 or 12 you wish he’d killed at the drawing board.

The movie is so distracted it’s exhausting. Rooster (Patton), who inherits a speakeasy called The Church in the southern city of Idlewild when his boss and mentor, Ace (Faizon Love) gets shot, has a fight with his wife Zora (Malinda Williams) when she catches him talking up a pair of showgirls, but one fight isn’t enough for Barker; he has to intercut it with a scene where Rooster’s pal Percival (Benjamin), the piano player at The Church, quarrels with his father (Ben Vereen), who wants to keep him in the family undertaking business and away from The Church’s latest attraction, a singer named Angel (Paula Patton). The two scenes aren’t connected, and they don’t bring anything out in each other; it’s like trying to watch two TV sets at the same time, tuned to different channels. A number begins, sung by Macy Gray, that foggy-voiced embodiment of sass, leading a band of long-legged chorines, and you settle in to enjoy her and the Hinton Battle choreography, but you find you can’t, because Barker keeps cutting away and the soundtrack mix is so chaotic we can’t make out the lyrics amid the din of the customers.

The staging and design, impressive as they are, are absurdly extravagant for the context. Barker wants to do The Blue Angel and Busby Berkeley and Cabaret in a black honky-tonk setting—and, following Baz Lurhmann’s coup in Moulin Rouge, with anachronistic music. What he’s mostly inherited from Lurhmann is his ADD style of direction (which was equally in evidence in his Broadway staging of La Bohème). The difference is that when the images in Moulin Rouge rush by or pile up, none of them seems compelling enough for you to want to slow down the breakneck parade. The frustration of Idlewild is that you feel sure that if Barker could pare away four-fifths of what he’s got going at the same time, he’d have something worth lingering on.

The women, for example. In addition to Gray and Williams (who has an exquisite face and figure and a steam-heat presence) and Paula Patton, Barker has cast Paula Jai Parker from Hustle & Flow as Rose, the platinum-blonde knockout who belongs to Ace but whom Rooster dallies with in the back of a car. If Williams is built for speed, to quote the old Billie Holiday song, Parker is built for power, and she has perhaps the sexiest honky-tonky style since Mae West in the early thirties, so you can’t understand why Barker doesn’t want to do more with her or at least keep his camera trained on her a little longer. He does more with Paula Patton. She gets a big duet with Benjamin, whose Percival persuades her to learn a new song he wants to introduce at the club. Understandably, they can’t get the attention of the speakeasy patrons at first, because it’s a bebop ballad, some twenty years before anyone thought to write one, but let that go. It’s a good song, they perform it well, and Barker mostly curbs his tendency to wander away from his subject or layer so many other things on top of it that you lose track of what you’re supposed to be looking at. The conceit of the number is familiar, of course—from Show Boat and Funny Girl and Lady Sings the Blues and the Streisand-Kristofferson A Star Is Born and lots of other backstage musicals: It’s the moment when the novice overcomes the initial hostility or disengagement of the crowd and shows off her gifts. It almost always works, and it does here. But Paula Patton is the only one of the stunning actresses in the cast who gets the break she deserves—with one exception: Cicely Tyson shows up in one scene, as a grandmother on the road with her family who’s waiting for God to tell her how to keep them from starvation, and she’s truly great, in the way that Lillian Gish could be in her best older roles (The Night of the Hunter, TV’s A Trip to Bountiful).

Barker can be inventive and playful: A number involving Percival and a wall full of elaborate alarm clocks with figures carved on them is an enchantment, and every time Rooster pulls out his hip flask and Barker animates the rooster on it (its craggy falsetto voice is supplied by Farnsworth Bentley), the effect is disarming. But he’s addicted to clichés. I didn’t mind the one about the chorus girl who pretends to be a big star (Angel has stolen the name of a headliner, briefly played by Patti LaBelle, and shown up in her place to take the job at The Church), but I couldn’t believe the ones that go back beyond old Hollywood to 19th-century melodrama: the unyielding Victorian papa last seen in The Jazz Singer, the pure soul who stops a bullet meant for the man she loves. And the gangland violence has that overscaled, meant-to-be-mythic quality you find in the Coen Brothers and Quentin Tarantino and Sam Mendes’ The Road to Perdition—bullets that create holes in walls big enough for the smoky light to pour through and so on. I can accept the interpolation of bebop and hip-hop into this setting more easily than the way Barker mixes in these new American-movie clichés with the older ones. Terrence Howard is an electrifying performer, but his sadistic sociopath Trumpy is too modern a creation for this milieu. He rubs out both Ace and the bootlegger Spats (Ving Rhames) while Rooster is screwing Rose in the back seat of Ace’s car—a scenario that sets up all the misplaced over-the-top gun battling that ensues.

Benjamin is a good-looking fellow but a bit dull as an actor (I thought so when I saw him last year in Four Brothers), and the fatuous Vandyke he sports here doesn’t help him. Antwan Patton is livelier, but only when he sneaks around and plays the trickster; when he has to play it straight, he becomes a hole in the screen. And for my money he’s outclassed by Bobb’e J. Thompson, who plays him as a fast-talking boy in the opening montage. The lightning-streak con man ends up the hero of the movie, but at the cost of his charm. Barker just doesn’t seem to know when he’s got hold of a good thing.

Steve Vineberg teaches theater history, dramatic literature, and film at College of the Holy Cross. He is the author of three books: High Comedy in American Movies: Class and Humor from the 1920s to the Present (2005), No Surprises, Please: Movies in the Reagan Decade (1992), and Method Actors: Three Generations of an American Acting Style (winner of the Joe A. Calloway Prize for Best Book in Drama, 1991). He writes regularly on movies and theater in The Boston Phoenix, The Threepenny Review, The Christian Century and The Perfect Vision, and has also been published in The New York Times, The Chronicle of Higher Education, Pakn Treger, The Oxford American, Sight and Sound, American Film, Film Quarterly, and other publications.

POETRY by J.D. Smith






























A Transition

When does one no longer wish
to move like a dancer, instead
being a dancer
like whom others wish to move?

In mid-step, when effort
ceases to be effort.

In sleep, when practiced rhythms
assimilate into the limbs
at last, as one drop
turns a crown of surface tension
into a cascade.

In an instant like those
observed in the most minute physics,
known only by before and after.


Otherwise

The invisible man of the movies
must go naked,
unless we are to believe
that his clothing turns invisible on contact,
the way one paper-clip
will magnetize another,
the way, as once was feared,
the world's water might begin
to tilt from the inside of its molecules,
one setting off the rest
until the seas turned to gel.

Otherwise, his unseen, contagious touch
might push all matter out of sight,
make it unknowable, like assumptions
before they clash, or turn to speech.
We'd be good as blind,
or witness to a vacant light,
and the plenty before our eyes
is already not enough.

We are bound to hope
the invisible man is, in fact, unclothed.
Our world depends upon his naked state.


Depressive

Overshadowed by a blade of grass,
soaked by one rain-drop,
struck down by a dandelion seed.

Carried off by a sparrow
that will soon despair
of the bitter taste in the flesh,
the millstone's weight.























Fifteen Death Poems

Let's see
if the burning
outlasts the candle.

*

By an invisible rope
I am hanged
from the clouds.

*
Egg, tadpole, frog—
then what the frog becomes.

*

A melon left on the vine
until the frost
outgrows its skin.

*

A robe
laid out at my birth
now fits.

*

To be released
from four seasons,
or bound to a fifth.

*

A petal falls
on breaking ice
and floats downstream.

*
This reflection
will weigh down
no more puddles.

*

Moss that grew ten thousand years
would not offer shade, or bear a plum.

*

One last oar-stroke
between a shore I've forgotten
and one I've never seen.

*

In bottomless water
a salmon's leap
begins and ends.

*

Ice water
cools the cup,
then the encircling hand.

*

Noon sun, full moon—
two more coins
that buy me nothing now.

*

There is air,
there is water,
and no bubble.

*

Time to pay for the bowl
that has kept the rice
from spilling, losing flavor.



J.D. Smith lives in Washington, D.C. His books include the collection Settling for Beauty (Cherry Grove Collections), his first collection, The Hypothetical Landscape (Quarterly Review of Literature Poetry Series), and the edited anthology Northern Music: Poems About and Inspired by Glenn Gould (John Gordon Burke, Publisher). His children’s book The Best Mariachi in the World is forthcoming from Raven Tree Press in 2008. His poems have received three Pushcart nominations, and his essays and reviews have appeared in American Book Review, Grist and Pleiades. His literary and genre fiction has appeared in a variety of publications, and his play Dig was produced by Chicago’s Squaresville Theatre in 2003. His work currently appears in the anthologies In a Fine Frenzy: Poets Respond to Shakespeare (University of Iowa Press) and Poetic Voices Without Borders (Gival Press). His work is forthcoming in the anthology Enopoetica: A Collection of Poetry Inspired by Wine, to be published by Story Line Press in 2006. His op-ed "Pop Viagra and Save a Rhino" recently appeared in The Los Angeles Times.



Photos via stock.xchng. Top photo by Dirk D.

PHOTOS OF LAOS by Frances Borchardt











Frances Borchardt lives in Churchton, Maryland. She can be contacted at francesborchardt@comcast.net.

8/28/06

SHELF LIFE: A Memorable 'Forgetfulness'



Forgetfulness
By Ward Just
Houghton Mifflin
258 pages
$25




By Alexander C. Kafka


Well, he said finally, what do you think?

Oh, she said. It’s beautiful.

I’m pleased, then, he said.

Do you mean that?

Oh, yes, he said. Of course.

Naturally I wonder, she said.

Why would you wonder?

You’ve made me look so sad, she said, and burst into tears, her hands over her eyes. She made gasping sounds as though she were short of breath.

He was astonished. … He explained what he saw in her eyes, which was not sadness or disappointment but understanding. Sympathy, he said, and wit. At some level sympathy implied knowledge and knowledge had a melancholy aspect. He believed that was universally true, no exceptions. When you knew too much you felt a natural distress but that was something quite different from fundamental personal sadness, sadness as a trait, like blue eyes. Her distress was not temperamental but intellectual. They argued the matter all that night and the next night, and in the end there was no resolution. God, she was stubborn. So the portrait had not been a success, at least with Florette, and he never forgot the sound of her weeping, a moan that seemed to reach to the heavens.

That’s Thomas Railles, an American expatriate artist in his mid-60s living near a remote village in the French Pyrenees, describing his late wife, Florette, and the way she reacted to his portrait of her. Railles, the focus of Ward Just’s latest, and 15th, novel, Forgetfulness, could also be describing Just’s writing, which also has a melancholy aspect, but one that leads to empathy and musing, not nihilism, because its basis is also sympathy and knowledge. Like his artist protagonist, Just has an economy of line, a spot-on sense of perspective, and the practiced observer’s suspension of ultimate judgment that shows the most profound kind of worldliness—nuanced rather than cynical.

Florette is taking a winter walk near their mountain home while Railles entertains two of his regular guests, Americans both—the mysterious and somewhat sinister Bernhard, and the more vulnerable but cagey Russ. When Florette injures her ankle, she is rescued, but in a strangely rough and ungracious manner, by a group of Moroccans. Soon their ostensible aid turns to rude neglect and then to violence.

When she succumbs to their assault and the cold, Thomas is left to his loneliness, feeling not just the loss of his wife, a proper but sweet and candid village local, but of his longtime friend, the reclusive older and larger than life British World War I deserter St. John Granger, the Railles’s neighbor and Thomas’s confidant and billiards partner. Thomas indulges in the company of their ghosts, in his Billie Holiday albums, and in his booze. His mental and physical health are unsteady, and he’s losing his artistic momentum, though he tries to recapture it by sketching the churches of nearby towns.

Interrupting this solitude are Bernhard and Russ, who it turns out grew up with Thomas in Wisconsin and entrusted him with occasional odd and delicate assignments after Bernhard and Russ joined the CIA. Though Thomas’s assignments entailed no direct violence, one especially—the befriending of a cosmopolitan Spanish communist with important connections—ended in betrayal and murder and haunts Thomas along with his more recent specters. Now Bernhard, seeking an unlikely “closure” and suspecting that Florette’s murder may be connected to Thomas’s tangential intelligence work, urges Thomas to observe the interrogation of the captured Moroccan suspects by a shadowy French official (and, interestingly, a sometime actor) named Antoine. Skeptical that vengeance is desirable, or even possible, Thomas reluctantly trudges along to the violent interviews in the port city of Le Havre.

The book’s title contains ironies within ironies. Forgetfulness is a book of memories—not just of Florette and Granger, but of Thomas’s Wisconsin childhood; of his friends Bernhard and Russ as boys; of Thomas’s physician father and his waiting room, where he and Bernhard started exploring the various kinds of intelligence that can be gleaned from the faces of a doctor and his hopeless patients; memories of history writ large; of 9/11; of European culture; and of painting in particular. Forgetfulness is the result of aging, of mental decay, and yet also the necessary precursor to creation and artistry. It is the loss of the lost intimates’ companionship, but also the imperative of moving on and living as they would have wished. Forgetfulness is the failure to heed history, but also the element required to escape history’s petty bonds and make new history.


Art, too, is a coiled concept here—salvation for Thomas’s soul, and maybe ours, but also a weapon he yields when he’s at last left alone to confront the Moroccan ringleader, whose name may or may not be Yussef. Thomas begins that interview of the poker-faced suspect by confronting him with a portrait of Florette. And Bernhard—and perhaps Thomas and the reader too, in a perversely voyeuristic way—appreciate the artistry of Antoine’s interrogation techniques.

Just has long probed the unpredictable workings of power and its effects not just on the world at large but on the often hapless and well-meaning people who wield it. Here he does so through an artist’s poetic and unvindictive eyes, even as those eyes are starting to lose some of their acuity in the mists of mountains and harbors and age, and the philosophical mists of earthly chaos. The mists of twin tower debris, of Iraqi bomb smoke and sand storms, and of Abu Ghraib rage are also suggested here. But with the possible exception of the unredeemed Yussef—and even he is all too human, suffering at the violence against a younger comrade who may be son or may be lover—Just gives us no thoroughly good or bad guys. Russ is forced into retirement and mourns after the suicide of his mentally ill one-time golden girl daughter. Bernhard reinvents himself as head of a high-end international security outfit, only to suffer a debilitating heart attack that no bodyguard could shield him from.

But if Thomas’s potential soul salve is art, it’s art with a deep appreciation of the worldly, of grand technique where it intersects with inspiration and fundamental speculation as to our purpose, our desires, our worth. The kind of art that can be distressing, but in a way quite different from personal sadness, as Thomas might say. Art that's also beautiful, as is this melancholy but vivid and most involving tale.


Photo of Ward Just by Nina Bramhall from Houghton Mifflin's Web site

8/17/06

TV: Working Poor











Jerry Longoria


‘Waging a Living’
Produced and directed by Roger Weisberg
PBS
Aug. 29, 2006



By Alexander C. Kafka

“Hustling backwards” is how Barbara Brooks, a 36-year-old single mother of five in Freeport, N.Y., describes her situation. Raised as a young child in abusive homes, sexually abused further while living in a juvenile detention center where she now works as a counselor, she scrapes by on $8.25 an hour plus a number of government services.

She works toward an associate’s degree at a community college, excels at her job, and gets a raise, but the $450 gain per month is more than wiped out by $600 lost in government aid. She wants to get off welfare, but her financial life is quicksand. “The more money I make,” she says, “the harder it gets.”

Brooks is one of four people featured in Roger Weisberg’s exceptional—and devastating—documentary, Waging a Living, part of the "P.O.V." series. In a low-key verite style, he and his East Coast and West Coast teams bring into view the trials of the working poor that author Barbara Ehrenreich and others have explored so effectively in print. Weisberg explains in a statement that the program follows up his recent Ending Welfare as We Know It. “We succeeded in getting millions of Americans out of the welfare system,” he writes, “without getting them out of poverty.”

Brooks, a full-time student and full-time employee, says that, with the kids, she gets maybe three or four good hours of sleep a night. We follow her as she scrambles to the check-cashing store to get the close to $200 she needs for Claritin and Cortaid for a son with breathing problems—she’s lost her Medicaid because she earns too much.

Things look up for her when, after getting her associate’s degree, she moves to a $15-an-hour job, with benefits, at a private nursing home. We sit in on her 90-day evaluation, in which, aside from the money, simply the praise from her new boss brings Brooks to tears. She tells that same boss soon after that she needs to lessen her hours to go back to school part time and earn her bachelor’s. “I believe that, through education, everything is going to change,” Brooks says. Heading off to classes again, she sure looks like she means it, and we sure hope she’s right.

Jerry Longoria, a 42-year-old security guard in San Francisco gets by on $12 an hour. A recovering alcoholic and drug user, he pays $530 a month in rent, has $30 in his pocket, and $10 in the bank, toward a long-dreamed-of trip to North Carolina to visit his two teenage children, whom he hasn’t seen in nine years. He works part time, in addition, at a center advising homeless people, which he says he’s happy to do because he was once homeless himself. His clothes are from Goodwill and Thrift Town. He marches with the security-guard union, aiming for a better contract. The guards eventually do get better medical benefits, but their raise? Twenty-five cents an hour. Still, maybe it’ll mean he won’t have to choose between rent and insurance.

“Nobody owes me anything,” he says he has realized in his rehabbed maturity. “I needed to work for it.” Not long after, though, he loses his job because of a disagreement with his boss, and his salary sags from $12.75 to $10.50 an hour in the new job his union got him. It’ll take eight years for him just to get back to his recent salary, he figures. Usually well groomed, carefully dressed, health conscious, and perennially optimistic, he says in a moment of discouragement, “Shoot, I’m making less than when I first started. It just doesn’t seem right. ... Some people’s dreams get torn down.”

Mary Venittelli, a 41-year-old single mother of three in southern New Jersey, had a stable middle-class life until she and her husband split in a bitter divorce. All she can find now is a waitressing job at $2.18 an hour plus tips. Some nights, she says, she might bring home $30 and hand $28 of that over to the babysitter. She loses her car and is in danger of losing her home. She owes thousands in lawyer’s fees and has $15,000 in credit-card debt. In a bitterly humorous moment, she and her friend contemplate Venittelli’s pre-approved platinum Visa-card offer. Her friend warns her about putting her Social Security number on the application. “What are they going to do,” Venittelli says, “steal my identity? Please do.” Her long hours are taking a toll on the kids, especially her son Quinn, who’s acting out like mad. She goes to a food pantry in a neighboring county, she says, “because I don’t want to run into anyone I know.” Things look up a little when she meets a guy, a barber, who has Christmas presents for Mary and the kids and some time and attention for Quinn.




















Jean Reynolds


Jean Reynolds, a 51-year-old nursing assistant in Keansburg, N.J., supports three children, including her cancer-stricken daughter Bridget, two of Bridget’s four children, and two other grandkids. Her ex sends no support. After 15 years working at the same nursing home, she’s hit maximum pay, $11 an hour, but that doesn’t stop her from helping the union organize her coworkers. Reynolds has no health insurance and is drowning in bills, including the hundreds of dollars monthly that Bridget needs, and isn’t always getting, for medication and treatment of the metastasized thyroid cancer that threatens her life in her late 20s. Evicted, with seven dependents, Reynolds turns, in desperation, to the government for help, and gets it, for now, because of Bridget’s illness. “They said, ‘Go home and have a good Christmas,’ Bridget explains matter-of-factly, “because it’s more than likely my last.”

Reynolds goes to church weekly to light a candle to St. Jude because, she says, “my life is impossible.” Of God, she speculates “not that he’s forgotten me, but that he’s neglecting me.” “I’m handling human beings,” she says in quiet indignation, “and I’m being paid less than garbage men.”

Weisberg and his crew seem to have won the confidence of their subjects, who let them into some of the most delicate moments of their lives. The filming and editing are smart, lean, and subtle. For instance, as Bridget and her mom discuss the medicine Bridget’s not getting because they can’t afford it, she quietly and diligently scrubs the kitchen of the well-kept home—controlling, one supposes, one of the few things in her life that she can.

Missing, deadbeat dads are a constant, and facts about the relative incomes of single moms, as compared to couples, as well as other data, quietly emerge on the bottom of the screen. For instance: Thirty million Americans make less than $8.70 an hour, the official poverty level for a family of four; housing costs have tripled since 1979; real hourly wages for male workers in the bottom quintile have decreased 5 percent since 1973; and in 1997, only 37 percent of custodial mothers received child support from nonresident fathers.

What the statistics add up to, or rather don't, Reynolds puts succinctly: “There’s no American dream any more.”

8/16/06

ESSAY: Reading Habits













From Stock.xchng

By Mikita Brottman

Not many of us get through school, not to mention college, without developing our own imperatives and superstitions around reading and the feelings associated with it, whether these are feelings of pleasure, affection, guilt, dread, anxiety, or simple indifference. As we grow older, these emotions tend to linger in our private lives, whether we continue to read avidly, or recoil at the very sight of a book. No one has more insight into the confluence between reading and memory than Marcel Proust, and no one has written so well on the subject, or at such length. In this passage from Time Regained, the narrator describes the effect of this synergy:

A book which we read at a certain period does not merely remain forever conjoined to what existed around us; it remains also faithfully united to what we ourselves then were and thereafter it can be handled only by the sensibility, the personality that were then ours. If, even in thought, I pick up from the bookshelf François le Champi, immediately there rises within me a child who takes my place, who alone has the right to spell out the title François le Champi, and who reads it as he read it once before, with the same impression of what the weather was like then in the garden, the same dreams that were then shaping themselves in his mind about the different countries and about life, and the same anguish about the next day.

How well do you remember what you read? Think about a work of fiction you've read recently—what scenes, images or characters come to mind? Memories of reading can often be far more complex than memories of “real” events, since they combine “factual” memories—like your personal situation and social context at the time of reading—with the power of an aesthetic experience. So when you think of a book that had a profound impact on you, you often can't help but remember what you were doing and where you were when you first read it. Now think of a book that had no impact on you at all. Can you even remember one?

Do you see visual images of the story you're reading as it unfolds? If so, do you base the characters on people you know—friends, family, famous people, or composites of all three, as in dreams? Or are they totally new? Are the images in color, or black and white? Are they consistent, or do they come and go? For some, reading fiction can engage other sensory responses besides the visual, like smell, sound, taste, and ... well, I'm sure we've all had the experience of being sexually aroused by a fictional scene, or a character description. Some people say they have rich sensory experiences, as intense and realistic as an IMAX movie, that radiate outward from a verbal text, while others, including those who've been blind from birth, have experiences that are more conceptual. I wonder if these images are retained, stored in our memory long after we've finished reading, and whether, by focusing carefully, we're bringing them back to the surface of consciousness, or whether we're actually creating them afresh every time.

Some people regularly make friends with fictional characters, or even fall in love with them, or with their authors. Some can't prevent themselves from skipping to the end to find out what happens. Some feel compelled to read especially resonant passages aloud, to themselves, or to others. Have you ever had the strange experience of reading a book you hate, but you still can't stop reading it? Have you ever read a book that left a bitter taste in your mouth? What about a book you love to death, but nobody else seems to get?

In order to make sense of these emotions, you need to think carefully about your reading habits. Ask yourself the following questions, and compare your responses to those of the 56 readers I surveyed (equal parts British and American, men and women, academics and “laymen”).

(1) What book are you currently reading?

Of my 56 respondents, only one reported that he wasn't reading a book at the moment, though a few people could give me a title but not an author. About 16 said they were reading two or more books at the same time; 14 were reading history or biography, and the rest were reading works of fiction, mostly by contemporary bestselling authors like Dan Brown, J.K. Rowling, Dean Koontz, Stephen King, and Walter Mosley.

(2) How do you decide what book to read next?

Thinking about this question is a good way to discover how flexible or schematic you are in your reading habits. I know it's a generalization, but women seem far more easygoing than men in this respect (and in most other respects too, for that matter), but then, every regular reader has his or her own system of reading, however unacknowledged or unconscious. Think about it. Do you go for a long time between books, waiting for something to strike your fancy, or to be given something to read by friends or family, or do you go immediately from one book to the next? Do you make reading lists (in paper or in your head), and, if so, how strictly do you stick to them? Do you know exactly what you like, and stick to the work of particular authors, or a certain genre? Or maybe you never read anything but sword-and-sandal fiction, detective stories, literary “classics,” historical novels, or Harlequin romance. Do you go through binges? I do. I can recall, in the last couple of years, a true crime binge, a biography binge, a Philip Roth binge, and a binge on campus novels.

Twenty-two of my respondents said they rely on reviews in the Sunday papers, or recommendations from friends and family members. Eighteen said they just pick up whatever catches their eye in the bookshop or library, or on their bookshelves at home. The rest varied. Some people said they have a small group of favorite authors whose work they follow closely, buying each new book as soon as it comes out. Others said they have a bedside stack to work through, sometimes systematically, sometimes at random. (I always have a stack of around 10 books, and I'll almost never take them out of order, however tempting they may look—but then, I also have few qualms about giving up on a book if it doesn't engage me.) Some said they like to read books that correspond with their current situation—European novels while traveling in Europe, romance fiction when they're in love, and so on. Some said they visit bookstores to find something to read, picking up different books and reading their first pages; others pay more attention to price. For others, it's entirely a matter of serendipity—as one person put it, “a mysterious coalescence of urges and interests.”

(3) Do you always finish books, or do you give up on them? If you give up on them, how many pages does it usually take?

Out of the 56 readers I surveyed, only three said they never, ever gave up on a book (and I'm not sure I believe them). One commented: “I only start books I know I'm going to like;” another claimed, “even in high school, I read every assigned book cover to cover,” and the third said, “if I'm going to hate something, I want to hate it fully and thoroughly.” Everyone else admitted to giving up on books from time to time (though some confessed to feeling guilt about it), either because they find themselves struggling and losing interest, or because something more interesting comes along, or for other reasons (“I put it down for too long”; “It's due back at the library”; “I'll put them down and forget where I've put them”). Some people will give up after 10 pages or “one bad chapter,” others draw the line at three chapters, 30 to 60 pages, 150 pages, or “half-way.”

The last book I gave up on was Samuel Beckett's Molloy, which I added to my stack after my boyfriend enjoyed it so much. He went on to read the other works in the volume—Malone, and The Unnamable. I first gave up after about 60 pages, then a couple of days later I decided I'd try again, and made it through another 60 pages before conceding defeat. When I asked my readers to name a book they recall giving up on, titles mentioned more than once included Moby Dick (six), Don Quixote (six), As I Lay Dying (four), A Clockwork Orange (two), Midnight's Children (two), Foucault's Pendulum (two), Breakfast of Champions (two), The Three Musketeers (two), White Noise (two), Gravity's Rainbow (two) and—thank you—Molloy (two, including me).

(4)
Do you generally separate your reading into “work” and “fun”?

This question was mainly directed at the academics, but I thought it would be interesting to find out whether this was a common distinction. Interestingly, those whose work involved “literary” reading—writers, literature students, journalists, academics in the humanities—did not, as a rule, separate their reading into “work” and “fun,” which I suppose makes sense, because, as one of my respondents commented, “there's no separation between work and interest—I work out of interest.” Those who did make a clear distinction between “work” and “fun” were generally engaged in administrative or managerial positions, where “work” reading consisted of reports and other business-related documents, so, as one person said, “most of my reading away from the office is fun—novels, newspapers, etc. I tend to do work reading at work.” A couple of exceptions were a woman doing a Ph.D. in history, who said “The reading I do for work and the reading I do for fun are so completely different, I consider them different activities,” and a philosophy professor, who made the comment: “I don't read pulp just to relax. TV is for that.”

(5) Do you ever re-read books you love? If so, how often? Please give examples, if possible.

Most people, it seems, re-read their favorite books on a regular basis, from every single year, to once every four or five years. About a quarter of my respondents said they'd re-read classics like The Iliad, The Odyssey, The Divine Comedy, Ulysses, Jane Eyre, The Great Gatsby, and The Time Machine. Others re-read mainly stories, poems, and sections of longer novels. A lot of people said they like to re-read their favorite contemporary novels, especially science fiction and fantasy—titles mentioned included Catch 22, Portnoy's Complaint, Lord of the Rings, The Hobbit, The Silmarillion, Talisman, Dune, Blood Meridian, and the Harry Potter series. I was interested to discover that 17 of my respondents said they regularly returned to books they enjoyed in their childhood; particular favorites seem to be Catcher in the Rye, Watership Down, The Plague Dogs, A Wrinkle in Time, The Book of Three, The Weirdstone of Brisingamen, and anything by Dr. Seuss.











By Antony Ruggiero, via Stock.xchng

(6) Can you read books in noisy places (e.g., on trains and buses)?

I tend to be a very relaxed reader, able to lose myself in a book whatever the circumstances around me, but my friend Mark can't read anything, not even a newspaper, if there are people talking nearby (his new method is to wear a pair of Bose earphones and listen to white noise on his iPod). From the readers I interviewed, there seem to be more people like me than like Mark. Only nine of my respondents said they couldn't read in noisy places. While many people said they preferred quiet, most people seem to have no problem tuning out external noise and absorbing themselves in their books. One person said, “I have even read under shell fire. It kept the fear from becoming overwhelming.”


A few people mentioned feeling uncomfortable and restless if they found themselves on public transport without having a book to read. I know this feeling well. Since I'm lucky enough to be able to read pretty much anywhere, regardless of circumstances, and since books are a part of my academic work, I rarely leave home without something to dip in and out of during the day. Even if I'm going out for dinner or to a movie, there's still sometimes a few moments when I might find myself alone, waiting for a friend, or for the lights to go down, and it's difficult for me to simply sit and wait. I read on the train and the subway—I even read standing up, if it's not too crowded. Of course, I'll read in all the usual places, too, during the little hiatuses in the day—in waiting rooms and in between appointments, while eating lunch (I know, mother, it's not polite).

Our notion of what reading is, and what it involves, is still defined by the physical and economic restraints it grew out of, from the texture of paper to the geography of libraries and bookstores. These notions generally depend on the material constraints of “real” books—but for some up-to-date types, these constraints no longer apply. None of my readers said as much, but some people have moved away from “real” books, preferring to read e-books on their laptops or Blackberry's, especially at work, when they can snatch only the occasional reading break. This is a natural side effect of our changing habits. We're busier than ever today, and, due to the increased pace of our lives, we apparently tend to read in very short “spurts” compared to the readers of two or three generations ago. These days, when we pick up a book, it's usually for 10 or 15 minutes rather than an hour or so—a fact that some people attribute to the influence of the media, especially television, with its commercial breaks every 12 minutes, and its six-second shots.

(7) Can you remember if a book has ever made you laugh out loud, or shed tears? If so, please give examples.

Everyone I interviewed could remember laughing out loud while reading, though not all of them could remember specific titles—which is interesting, because, while I'll often find things I read very funny and engaging, the pleasure always remains internal; I don't think I've ever laughed out loud at something I've read in a book. But everybody I interviewed could remember not just laughing out loud, but even the specific passages they laughed about. Portnoy's Complaint and Catch 22 got the most mentions, followed by The Corrections, The World According to Garp, The Diary of Bridget Jones, Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas, Much Ado About Nothing, anything by P.G. Wodehouse, anything by Terry Pratchett, and Marley and Me: My Life with the World's Worst Dog. There were a few surprises here, too—for example, a psychiatrist confessed to laughing aloud only at Dilbert cartoons and a book called How to be a Jewish Mother; a writer mentioned often laughing out loud at his own fiction.

Crying is a bit more complicated, since most people don't cry as readily as they laugh—there's more of a taboo about shedding tears, especially for men. And tears seem more permeable, more labile than laughter: if you're already upset, or grieving, or broken-hearted, the slightest thing can set you off, though some books will make you cry no matter what mood you're in (Lolita does it to me every time). Twenty-six of my respondents (19 of them men) said that, while they know they've felt sad or emotionally moved by a book, they couldn't recall actually shedding tears. Others said they cried a lot, at “anything sentimental” or “any books about animals.” Titles mentioned were eclectic, and included The Pianist, Metamorphosis, A Child Called It, Jude the Obscure, “the last few pages of Finnegan's Wake,” The Corrections, Little Women, and Marley and Me (from the same person who said it made her laugh out loud).

_____________________

"A psychiatrist confessed to laughing aloud only at Dilbert cartoons and a book called How to be a Jewish Mother."
_____________________


Personally, I'll never forget the odd experience of crying helplessly over Beloved while absolutely hating the book—partly, I think, because at the time it felt as though the author was playing heartlessly, almost manipulatively, on my private emotions. Or maybe it was just me.

A couple of men made interesting connections between passages that made them cry and their own emotional pressure points:

The last two books that made me cry out loud were Coetzee's Disgrace and Chang Rae Lee's Aloft. Now that I think about it, both are about the collapse of their patriarch protagonist's life-worlds; that probably says loads. Towards the end of Aloft I just couldn't take it any more. I think it's the only time I had to take a few deep breaths before continuing to read.

I remember crying when reading the end of Turgenev's Fathers and Sons. I found my mother finishing it in the kitchen one morning. She almost never read novels at this time. But here she was all red-eyed over this book. I read the novel after that. She handed it to me. I was about 23 then; I was having problems figuring out what to do in life, and I was butting heads with my father. I identified with the predicaments of the young men in the novel, the conflicts, and the complex bonds—sometimes unacknowledged—with the “fathers.”

Of course, where you read is going to effect how you read. If you mostly read in public or semi-public places, and if you tend to read in 10- or 15-minute intervals during your work day, then, unless you're a very gifted reader, it's going to be hard for you to get deeply involved in your book. If you're reading fiction, it's difficult to identify with characters and keep up with a nuanced plot when you have to stop reading every few minutes, and not many of us feel comfortable laughing aloud or shedding tears in public. One reader confessed to feeling overcome at the closing chapter of Brick Lane by Monica Ali: “I was on the tube and had to stop reading it due to tears!” Another recalled: “At school we had an hour a week of private reading time. I remember bringing in Spike Milligan's war memoirs and being nearly thrown out of class because I couldn't read it without laughing.”

(8) Where do you buy most of your books? How much do you spend on books each year?

I asked this question mainly out of curiosity, since I never go to bookshops any more, and buy all my books used, from Amazon. While online book-buying seems to be more and more common, according to my survey, most people still also buy from bookstores, and even when buying online, prefer new books to used. A number of people commented how much they used to enjoy hunting for bargains in used bookstores, and how sad they felt that the Internet had “put an end to all that,” since now “everybody knows exactly how much any book is worth.” I was surprised to learn how little even the most prolific readers seem to spend on books (though it's also possible that people were underestimating their expenditure). Nobody thought they spent more than $1,500 a year on books, and the average estimate was between $150 and $200. A lot of people said they rarely bought books at all, borrowing them instead from libraries, friends and family, or relying on desk or review copies; others said they get all their books from thrift stores, charity shops, and library sales.

(9) Do you use bookmarks, or dog-ear the pages of your books? Do you make marginal notes? If so, do you use pencil or pen?

Those who tend in the direction of fetishism responded to this question with expressions of mock outrage, perplexity, or disapproval. “Bah god no! ... I'd seriously punch someone who dog-eared my books”; “Turning pages down makes me cringe. NO MARGIN NOTES. ... Why would I make notes in the margins?”; “Dog-earing is to be frowned upon. It is analogous to twisting the arm of a child.”

Personally I have little restraint about dog-earing my corners (but then, I'm also often tempted to twist the arms of children). Since I buy my books used whenever possible, I also tend to make notes in the margins, in pen (if I can't find a pencil, which is most of the time), so basically, I'm with the person who said, of his books, “I don't mind how they look, as long as they're stuck together.” Surprisingly, we dog-earers are in the majority—most people, including people you might expect to have fetishizing tendencies, such as writers and literature professors, said they usually dog-eared page corners to keep their place, and often made notes in the margins. Others said they keep their place with Post-its, note cards, pens, pencils, loose book covers, hair pins, subway cards, candy wrappers, sticky tabs, receipts, plane tickets, photographs, paper clips, or other devices:


I have these bookmarks that I make from torn pieces of paper. ... When I am finished with a book ... it can have as many as 40 of these bits of paper sticking out at the top—like some kind of headdress or rooster's comb. It's totally inefficient and ridiculous and I will probably never quit sticking these papers in.

Anybody who reads a lot will probably recognize that, over the years, they've picked up a few funny habits, which makes it a bit easier to understand how some people come to fetishize their books, and perhaps even to sympathize with those people.

Think carefully for a moment. Do you have any unusual tendencies, while reading? For example, I have an odd habit—odd but not perhaps so unusual—of checking the page numbers every time I turn over a new leaf. I'm not sure what I'm checking for—just to be sure that they're in the right order, I suppose. (Though what would I do if they weren't? Write a letter to the Times?). Also, I usually check how long the chapter is before I start it. I'm not exactly sure why I do this, though I suppose it has something to do with my need to be in control, since I find it very hard to stop reading at random, so books without chapters, or books with uneven chapters, annoy me very much—though it's unclear why I should turn myself over like this to the power of the book. After all, I could stop anywhere, wherever I wanted to. (Couldn't I?)










By Michal Koralewski, via Stock.xchng

How quickly do you read? Do you skim through pages at top speed, or do you stop to savor the sentences along the way? I'm sure we've all had the experience of not being able to put a book down, but for some people this seems to be the norm: “I will read a book obsessively in a single sitting, doing nothing else all day,” said one person; another commented: “When I'm really reading a book, that's all I do until it's over!” I've noticed that, with books I'm especially enjoying, I have a tendency to want to draw out the pleasure as long as I can by allowing myself only a few pages at a time, and reading with extra care, taking my time, enjoying the foreplay, as it were. But then, when I come to the last few chapters I find it hard to restrain myself, and once I know the end is in sight, I charge ahead to the climax in one long session, unable to stop, rather like the way some people let themselves slurp, guzzle, and smack their lips when coming to the end of their meal.

And finally...

(10) Where, and when, do you do your best reading?

When truly absorbed in a book, you're in a kind of liminal zone between inner and outer worlds—awake, but unaware, inwardly focused, but, ideally, without the slightest bit of self-consciousness. The reader who's totally engrossed has no notion of time or place, no bodily sensations, no existence outside their book. This is why books can be so vital for those in dire circumstances—people who are bedridden, in prison, or in hospital. Books can remove you, however temporarily, from your ongoing ordeal.

According to Freud, reading, like art and creative writing, is a kind of daydreaming, childish and retrogressive; those with happy, fulfilled, distracting lives should have no need to escape into fiction. But most readers seem to feel that, in moderation at least, fiction enhances their lives, making them richer and more interesting. Almost everyone who's in the habit of reading tries to carve out some time to spend every day with a book, even if it's just a few minutes at night, before falling asleep. In fact, morning and night—the liminal edges of the day—are the times most people seem to spend with their books.

The etiquette of reading when you're not alone can be quite a touchy subject. Some people feel it's rude to read in company, and of course this is often true, but it all depends on the company, and how comfortable you are around them. For example, when you're in the first stages of a love affair, it seems absolutely inconceivable to get out a book and read; you have no interest in anything except being with your lover. Even waiting in a bar or restaurant, you're a mass of nerves, hardly able to order a drink, unable to focus, incapable even of reading a menu. But there comes a time when there's nothing more natural than for you and your lover to spend the evening together absorbed in your separate books.

Getting to this stage, however, can be a fragile and delicate process. How many nights do you have to spend with a new lover before it's acceptable, when, in his or her company, to reach out and take a book from the nightstand? In doing so, you're tacitly admitting that you've reached a stage when your lover's presence is less interesting to you, at least for a while, than printed words on a page. It's a sensitive moment, not to be undertaken without a clear knowledge of the risks involved. Will your new lover recoil with dismay at your thoughtless indifference, or will they smile agreeably, and reach for a book of their own? And what if they reach for their book too soon, too early in the relationship, before you're ready, before it feels right? Is there anything you can do? Should you say something, or should you just take it as a sign that the honeymoon is over?

And then, think about this: How many people do you know in whose company you'd feel comfortable losing yourself in a book? On the one hand, naturally, it's hard to imagine any more blatant signal that you're not interested in other people's conversation, and there are times—if you took out your book during a dinner party, for example, or in the middle of a first date—when no other interpretation could be possible. In different circumstances, however, settling down with a book can show that you feel completely at ease with somebody, so much so that you feel no obligation to make small talk, especially in circumstances when there's no need to stand upon ceremony—if you're both on a long trip, or enduring a tedious wait.

The readers I interviewed came up with a wide variety of responses to the question of where they do their best reading, from the general (“anywhere”; “at home”; “on vacation”) to the specific (“lying on my BACK with my head propped up”; “on the lounge chair with my feet up, something to drink and a cigarette”; “on a blanket or towel, in nature, with a glass of Sauvignon blanc”). People seem to have all kinds of favorite spots for reading: “in the chair in my office”; “at the pool”; “in Starbucks”; “on trains”; “on the beach”; “in my backyard, on a folding chair”; “in the library”; “in Central Park”; “on planes”; “on the sofa”; “in my easy chair”; “in the back seat of the car”; “in coffeehouses”; “in trees”; “in the hot tub.” And, while lots of people freely admitted to reading in the bath, nobody confessed to doing their best reading on the loo.

Like most people, I do most of my reading in bed at night. In the morning, if I don't have to get up right away, I'll spend at least half an hour reading in bed, which is, as most people seem to agree, the best place for intensive, immersive leisure reading. You can burrow down into the covers with your book or plump the pillows and sit up in your pajamas like a dainty invalid. You can stretch out, curl up, or snuggle under the quilt. If you feel guilty about staying in bed, or if it makes you antsy to look at the clock, you can lie on top of the covers and do some leg lifts while you read. You can make a nice pot of tea for the bedside table (it's even better if you can get somebody to make it for you). Of course, there are other places that are more commonly associated with reading—airport lounges, long flights, hospitals—but here we tend to read by necessity, as a way of passing the time, or to keep our mind off things. Lying supine in bed, everyone seems to agree, is the ideal place to read, the most conducive to immersion in the richness and complexity of another world.


Mikita Brottman is a professor of language and literature at the Maryland College Institute of Art. This essay is part of a book in progress about reading. Send your responses to these 10 questions, or any other thoughts about reading habits, to mbrottman@mica.edu.


8/8/06

POETRY by Stephen Cushman

Photo by Neil Gould, via stock.xchng

À Grande Vitesse

Beside the tracks, Paris to Bordeaux,
leafless trees keep breaking out
in balls of mistletoe

whose parasitic pompoms
clot the crotches of the branches
with promises of kisses.

Le gui they call it here,
where Roman farmers planted vines
and this or that exceptional year

still tastes of Caesar.
But why buy wine
one could die before drinking

at full maturity, a decade or so
off in the future? Farsighted sybarites
presumably know

just the right ratio
of pleasure to providence;
yet where in these vineyards, their chateaux

flashing past, where in quick villages,
each with its own, Decembery cold,
unheated churchful of ether-sweet incense,
do you find one of those?


Jogger at the Bloody Angle

She lopes upon the frenzy of the past
in blue running bra, red running shorts,
her ponytail keeping time in steady stride
like a metronome as yellow as new buttercups
along the road beside these sunken earthworks.

Her shoes and music cost more dollars
than some who died here made in a year,
but dollars meant something different then,
and if she gives no thought to men
calf-deep in mud and purple puddles

from foggy dawn till long past midnight,
when the shot-up oak crashed down in rain
and soon became a shorthand sign for all
that Clio can shrink to a paragraph,

it’s only fair. They gave the same to her.
A park’s a park and green land rare
in so much progress, so many houses
standing now where Barlow crossed the Po.
Why should she know a thing about it?
Why should she care? She does her share

just running the route of that morning attack,
quitting the road and cantering the field
to disappear in dips and ripples of the ground
and teach the contours of that topography,

of dead space that gave a little more life
to those who sheltered a few minutes there,
even better for her detachment.


Forgot Your Password?

Your mother’s maiden name,
Your mother’s date of birth,
Your father’s favorite food
When he still ate food,

Your best friend’s street address,
Your sister’s telephone number,
Your brother’s blood pressure reading
The last time you saw him,

Your lover’s license plate,
Your president’s net worth,
The population of a country
Where few would need a password.


To a Predicted Pandemic

Here at graybreak it’s hard to believe
cousins of songsters who sauté the air
in butterfat love calls
could spatter us all with fatal virus.

All people.
At least you’re not elitist,
and equal rights might be nice for a change,
everyone masked, even-stephen, fair shake,
when it comes to headache, fever, chills,
pneumonia. Or will you make

division worse: who’s got a doctor,
who gets vaccine, who lives clean
and cared-for enough to fend off advances?

O whom will you smite and what can we smear
on our doorposts and lintels?

Hand soap? (Now there’s a good investment.)

Or maybe you’ll spare whoever can hear
amidst avian uproar this boisterous morning

the white-throated sparrow
on its way elsewhere?

If so,
could one take your clemency
in the form of a gift certificate,
as schools empty, economies totter,
and give it to another
more afraid to go?


Etymological

What not. What have you. What if.
What of it. What’s what. What with,

as in, What with one’s having so little say
in making it rain, healing the brain,
redistributing lopsided gain,

it’s best to eat less, hug more,
vote and pray and give away
whatever one can, or,

What with a grizzly killing a cub
so he can mate with its milkless mother
all the sooner, what does it matter

that Japanese has no word for menopause?

The cries, the claws,
alas, alack, the woesome’s winning out
it seems, even if we behave ourselves,

and yet and yet
a cup of clean water,
a spell of good weather, the clearing up
of a cold or an ache, and all right! whoopee!

hot diggety! from Nilo-Saharan
or Malayo-Polynesian or Uralic-Altaic

for grateful acceptance sometimes mistaken
for comfy complacency.



Frequently Asked Questions

What time is it? How much does it cost?
Do spiders have dreams? Where are we going?
What difference does it make? Will this plane crash?
Why do you ask? Does that feel good?

What’s Sanskrit for ecstasy? How long have I got?
Can you use it in a sentence? If it’s high tide here,
is it low tide there? May I see your driver’s license?
Where did you get such a ravishing rib cage?

Does life exist elsewhere? What’s the point? Is it hard
to perform your own tracheotomy? Would you call a taxi?
Where’s the bathroom? Is service included? Do you think
I look fat? What is prayer?

Got a light? White or red? Do you have this
in a larger size? What grade are you in?
Which way to Pisa? Why did I ever say yes?
Who is my neighbor? Business or pleasure?

Is this seat free? What’s the local specialty?
Haven’t we discussed disgust? Why have you forsaken me?
Does my vote count? What kind of bird was that?
Do they speak English? Am I hurting you?

Spare some change? Which way’s north? Will you wait for me?
Think it’ll snow? What does she want for her birthday?
Where’s the nearest emergency exit? Will you take a check?
Is there stuff in my teeth? Faster or slower?

Have you seen my glasses? Do I need a reservation?
How do you spell that? Anything from the mini-bar?
What are you wearing? Does it help to fight back
when attacked by a mountain lion? Promise?


Abraham Sacrificing Isaac, 1650; Laurent de La Hire; oil on canvas; Musée Saint-Denis, Reims; from Web Gallery of Art


For a Son Who’s Just Been Jilted

What if one morning, during hurried shaving,
as water boils and weather’s foretold,
a foggy mirror said from its steam,
Take now your son, whom you have loved

dangerously close to idolatry,
and get thee into the land of Moriah,
which doesn’t appear on a map by the way,
and offer him there on an altar in flames?

How about that Abraham, who doesn’t demur
or kick a fuss but instead of squawking
saddles an ass and cuts some wood?

As for Isaac, not a peep
after Where’s the lamb, Dad?
but something must have passed between them
as he tied him up and laid him carefully
on the improvised altar they wrestled together
out of local limestone chunks,

something at least when the blade came close
to unwhiskered throat and Adam’s apple,
tappuah haaddam, stuck there always
and swallowing hard, though not yet
enlarged with a lowering voice

when the father of a multitude,
having committed to God will provide,
kissed his lips and said good-bye.


Stephen Cushman is a professor of English at the University of Virginia. His books of poetry include Blue Pajamas and Cussing Lesson (both from Louisiana State University Press), and he's working on his next, called Heart Island.

POETRY by Donald Illich

The Turtle

At dinner we make our guests pray to the turtle,
our household’s sacred spirit and valued pet.
Holding nerveless hands, we focus our eyes
on the shell holding up our children’s globe,
which spins each continent around, stopping
on North America, our one and only love.
Sometimes visitors object, saying their god
can outrun our tortoise any day of the week.
Immediately we set up a race between the two,
and when his or her deity refuses to show up,
we don’t bother waiting another three hours
for our lord’s scaly head to break the ribbon.
Instead, we eat, and the planet’s held in balance,
our master asleep inside its mottled home,
tired from racing, not feeling like upsetting
invitees searching their Bibles for answers
to their savior’s disappearance from the world.
Our mashed potatoes may drop on the table,
gravy may spill on angry fiancées or friends,
but oceans remain painted blue, yellow earth
stays bumpy with scattered mountain ranges,
and the unknowing being below everything
remains quiet. We don’t know if it hears us.
It never faces us, it gives no explanations.


Invisible Things

You couldn’t have chosen a worse career:
juggling germs in your bony fingers,
giving audience members microscopes
so they can see what you’re doing &
make donations at the end of the performance.
The organisms are used to mucus and hands,
joyfully contaminating whatever they touch,
but you can’t leave well enough alone.
They have to be part of your one-man show
for amputees whose stumps won’t heal,
people recovering at home from pink slips,
singles who’ve lost partners to whirlpools
in falls and rivers on their honeymoons.
No one ever asked you to entertain others,
that’s what TV and the movies are for,
preventing each one of us from thinking,
which has never made anyone happy
in the entire history of recorded time.
There you are, flipping twirling bacteria
in the air toward your other arm,
throwing a cold virus over your shoulders
past a flu bug traveling in vectors toward
the spinning illnesses on the opposite side.
None of the terminally ill patients smile.
Whether its brain tumors or just life
that’ll destroy them in the end, all of them
are pushing want ads in your face,
circling the antibody secretarial work
that might free you from making us sick
with the invisible things we’re forced
to live with, what we can’t be freed from.


from stock.xchng


Dungeon

The puppets knew I could never leave the room.
TV’s spies watched me from inside the screen.

They had Hula-Hoop eyes that wiggled over
my body, spinning like electric snakes.

Outside the window the tree’s black branches
sang death jingles I stored inside my dreams.

Below me the carpet’s patterns answered
my fears with dizzy fabric, whip-lashed floor.

They said there was one door out of this place.
I looked in the sofa but all I found was change,

rusted coins that melted in my shaking hands.
Then the coffee table, but its magazines

fanned out from my touch, their pages flew away.
The fingers removed themselves from plush dolls,

walked on dropped toys to my detaching head.
They opened up the gate inside me. My mouth

spoke all the words everyone had wanted me
to say that my tongue couldn’t form on its own.

I talked about the sales at the mall today,
decorations for the torture room, chains

for the office, clothes to hang myself in,
a captive dressed sharp for the dungeon.


The Sports Page

Underneath the box scores I hide my face.
My children know me only as Red Sox 7,
Yankees 2, and my wife called me the Packer
when I scored a touchdown with her last night.
The Sports Page understands who I am:
a headline trumpeting the last business deal
I won in negotiation playoffs; cheating
in stocks the league will fine me for; an affair
with an office cheerleader booting me
to free agency, signing bonus melting
like my marriage. One day the Hall of Fame
will hang my jersey behind glass, my life’s
statistics included in record books
obsessive family members will diagram,
wondering if they can better my salary,
add wealth to the team. Right now, though, my son
wants to play catch, but he’s not professional,
his resume is sorely lacking. My daughter
uses non-performance drugs, picks up
minor leaguers I’d never let play for me.
When I slide into bed my beloved lay
in base, waiting to tag me out for lying.
I’m unable to run home to the truth,
even when the coach waves me on, “you’re safe.”


Torpedoes

We stored the torpedoes in the basement,
between the recumbent exercise bike
and the column of crappy board games,
leaning over like a Monopoly-version
of the Tower of Pisa. We needed to build
a submarine, but only had a Big Wheel
and rotting boards, no fissionable material
to throw in the reactor, no pipes or glass
for the periscope. Watching TV only helped
so much. The heroes quickly assembled
their machines in a montage right before
the commercials. They always won, but what
about us? Our list of targets grew each
school day: Mr. Fatrack the geometry teacher
who surprise quizzed us like it was his
birthday and swam like a walrus in our
neighborhood pool; Mrs. Nannigurl the
Home-Ec instructor who caught us baking
unknown substances in the oatmeal cookies,
Jeff the sleazebag who pelted us with condoms
and promised us we’d never get laid –
each person had his or her face etched on
the side of a bomb, a red X bleeding through
their eyes, ruining school picture smiles.
We glared through a window at our neighbor,
walking his dog, waving a fin in the watery air
at us, a clown fish greeting the sharks.
The day before we’d sent for a kit advertised
in a comic book. In six simple steps we’d
sink the hopes of thousands. Mom would ask
what we were doing downstairs, banging
and sawing, sizzling with our blow torches.
Nothing, we’d say. Can you make some
sandwiches and your world famous lemonade?


Donald Illich has published poems in The Iowa Review, Fourteen Hills, and New Zoo Poetry Review. He has poems forthcoming in several journals, including Passages North, Nimrod, LIT, The Sulphur River Literary Review, Plainsongs, CrossConnectMagazine, Xavier Review, and Cold Mountain Review. He lives in Rockville, Maryland.

8/7/06

AURAL FIXATION: Gary Stewart's Not-So-Easy People


"Stewart may portray a 'flat, natural born good timin’ man,' but he also remembers 'Rachel,' whose body and spirit are starving for someone to love her, not use her."

By Kenneth Pobo

Gary Stewart, perhaps the best honky tonker in country-music history, died in 2003. He didn’t always get the big chart records. Only three reached the country Top 10, including his chart topper with the immortal title, “She’s Actin’ Single (I’m Drinkin’ Doubles).”

Chart positions don’t tell the real story. Stewart was an original. Few singers in any genre could sound as desperate as he could, his voice slipping from quaver to growl in a few notes. He has a macho-outlaw stride in songs like “Little Junior,” but it fades away in the heartache of songs like “Quits” and “A Cactus and a Rose.”

It is aggravating that so few country albums have come out on CD. Even the most popular pre-Garth singers are often poorly represented on disc. I wonder if the corporations that have the rights to this music even know what they own. Fortunately, much of Gary Stewart’s work is available on CD, though not all of it—for instance his brief stint on Red Ash Records when he put out two cookin’ singles in 1984. Try trolling eBay or GEMM, or find a local record convention and keep your eyes open.

Not much of a honky tonker, I prefer a chilled martini to beer and would rather be in the garden than in a juke joint. Yet as a gay man, I'm delighted by Stewart’s portraits of rednecks, roadhouses, and roily romances. He often evokes compassion for those who feel their only outlet is getting smashed and hearing loud music. He may portray a “flat, natural born good timin’ man,” but he also remembers “Rachel” (on his fantastic 1977 Your Place or Mine album) whose body and spirit are starving for someone to love her, not use her.

Drinking is the one thread that holds his music together. It’s easy to get tipsy just listening to Stewart’s many songs pouring booze into the listener’s glass. Honky tonk has taken some heat for its often alcohol-drenched lyrics, the rap being that the songs glamorize drinking. In Stewart’s case, though, boozing doesn’t seem at all glamorous. It is more the last option when one feels utterly trapped, when solutions don’t exist.

Tang Dynasty poet Li Po often portrays a happy sot, the alcohol freeing him from what is bitter and unsettling in daily life. He would never have written a poem like Stewart’s “She’s Got A Drinking Problem,” in which the woman’s problem is himself. His alcoholism traps his woman as it traps him. In “I Get Drunk,” Stewart pokes fun at his fallin’-down-drunk males. The alcohol makes them feel empowered when they’re not. The song’s protagonist thinks he can sing, but he can’t.

One of Stewart’s best songs, “Single Again,” tells the story of a man whose marriage has gone kaput. He’s got divorce lawyers on his back and has returned to the bars which “ain’t changed much/just a new face or two/when you’re out of touch.” He goes from bar to bar. Married life may have been a trial but single life offers nothing more—or, as Stewart sings in another song, life becomes “An Empty Glass.”

He had a long marriage which evidently was happy, yet he highlights the pain of divorce and separation in many songs—most notably in “Ten Years Of This,” where the married couple have been together a decade but it adds up to “a million nights alone.” The man wonders if his wife’s discontent stems from getting married too young, resenting him for the opportunities she lost by marrying him when she did. He asks, “Whose mistake is it? What do we blame it on?”

In “Quits,” written by Danny “Good Time Charley’s Got The Blues” O'Keefe, the man claims that “It isn’t marriage anymore,” and it doesn’t matter if one calls it “divorce,” “independence,” or “separation,” the relationship is cooked. The joy-of-the-juke-joint persona sounds broken, as if he could call it quits not just to the marriage but to life itself.

In Stewart’s songs, lovers are often poison for each other, defeated not just by drinking and carousing, but by an inability to get outside of themselves enough to be vulnerable to another person. He sings of a “stone wall around your heart,” and that he “dared not drink backslider’s wine” but will most likely backslide again and again. Jealousy, too, only strengthens the poison as in “Williamson County,” where the man and woman are having a charming picnic by the river, but then she speaks another man’s name and “now the same hands that catered to her/are clutching at her throat.” He puts her under the river, but, in a scene reminiscent of Poe, the dead woman vows to haunt him. Love becomes death in a few seconds.

In “I Got A Bad Attitude,” Stewart growls, “Honey, I am a dangerous man.” That persona carries a razor in his pocket and has steel-toed shoes. He doesn’t “love nobody,” and, naturally, he’s been “drinkin’ all night.” “Attitude” never appeared on an album, only on a 45. Flip it over and Stewart is in a much mellower mood, claiming that “Life’s a Game” and if you lose, try again. It’s hard to want to try again if you know your opponent has a razor in his pocket.

Legend suggests that Li Po, drunk on a boat, died trying to catch the moon’s reflection on the water. Stewart ended his own life by suicide three weeks after his wife died of pneumonia. Hearing Stewart’s version of “You’re The Reason I’m Living” is poignant in the light of his horrible grief over Mary Lou’s death. His son, Gary Junior, had committed suicide in the 1980s.

One of his most cheerful songs, “Easy People,” celebrates redneck life, downin’ some brews, enjoying the hot women. The easy people seem to have it made. But don’t go to the river on a picnic with them. Easy becomes desperate pretty quick.


Kenneth Pobo teaches creative writing and English at Widener University in Pennsylvania. He is also a poet and, starting next month, will be host of the “Obscure Oldies” radio program at WDNR.com each Saturday from 6 to 8 p.m. EDT.

8/4/06

TUNE HEAD: Short Takes

Patricia Barber
Mythologies
Blue Note

What jazz album this year could be more innovative, daring, and gripping than singer-pianist-composer Barber’s exploration of Ovid’s Metamorphoses? This thrilling ninth album from a spectacularly ambitious artist features 11 stylistically varied mind melds with Ovid’s characters—the result of Barber’s three years’ work supported by a Guggenheim Fellowship. Mythologies appeals in equal measure to mind, heart, and ear. Barber pulls American songbook, hip-hop, gospel, and various other popular idioms together with classically inspired song-cycle approaches, dives into her deep poetic imagination, and surfaces with a beautiful but also intellectually powerful work, here advanced superbly by Barber, guitarist Neal Alger, bassist Michael Arnopol, and drummer Eric Montzka, joined by some fabulous vocalists. There’s not a weak track on the album, but “Narcissus,” a crafty, sparkling love song, will quickly pull you into its sensuous still and deep waters, and “Phaethon” miraculously melds its insouciant syncopations with choir calls and youth-rapped shout-outs to endangered species. Say what? Yeah, take a listen. Mythologies is novel enough that the only way to start to fathom it is to start to fathom it. A dozen listens later, it will only grow more impressive.

Ann Hampton Callaway
Blues in the Night
Telarc

A feisty album of standards and originals, with the power-packed backing of Sherrie Maricle and the Diva Jazz Orchestra. Broadway veteran Callaway has a wonderfully hearty voice, tapered by intelligence and a deep musicality, and these thick, soaring arrangements serve her delightfully. You’ll get a chuckle out of her own “The I’m-Too-White-to-Sing-the-Blues Blues,” but she gets down to sentimental business on tunes like “Spring Can Really Hang You Up the Most” and the artfully arranged Porter standard “It’s All Right With Me.” Her duet with her talented sister Liz Callaway on the combined “Stormy Weather/When the Sun Comes Out” is also a treat.

Doc Powell
Doc Powell
Heads Up

Guitarist Powell is in a mellow mood, like straight-to-smooth-jazz-radio-don’t-operate-heavy-machinery-while-listening-to-this mellow. He takes some acoustic departures on tracks like the finale reprise of Carole King’s “It’s Too Late,” and those, particularly, let him display his artfully polished phrasing and sweet ringing tone. But these Muzak-worthy arrangements relegate this, at best, to chain-restaurant background music. He deserves better but, as his own arranger, has no one to blame but himself.



Eliane Elias
Around the City
RCA Victor

This smashing Brazilian singer, pianist, and composer blends eclectic covers with cowritten originals in this revitalizing blend of Latin, jazz, rock, and varied world beats. Her Sade-smooth take on Santana’s “Oye Como Va,” the dance-club jam on Bob Marley’s “Jammin,’” and slow-dance sway on Beck’s “Tropicalia” are enjoyable. But she really hits her stride in the urban-bustling opener, “Running,” the strutting slice-of-life title track, “Around the City,” and her ballad “Segredos (Secrets).” I also loved the wishful “We’re So Good,” the flamenco-spiced “Slide Show,” and the longing “Another Day,” with its refreshing combination of pathos, a vital undercurrent of percussion, and impressionistically chorded keyboard.

Sound in Action
Gate
Atavistic

This free-spirited and talented trio—Sun Ra veteran Robert Barry and Tim Daisy on drums, and Ken Vandermark on reeds—pay homage to Coltrane, Eric Dolphy, and Herbie Nichols, but also include five original tunes. They wail and thrash with gusto through numbers like Vandermark’s “Horizontal Fall” and “Red Cross.” Their ensemble nuance emanates best, though, in the quieter pieces, like Dolphy’s “The Prophet” and Vandermark’s “Medium Cool.” Their bop chops are in full display in Coltrane’s “One Down, One Up,” and Vandermark’s shares his lean, swinging, sing-songy clarinet in Nichols’s “House Party Starting.”

Stanton Moore
III
Telarc

Jazz-funk drummer Moore, with Robert Walter on Hammond organ, Will Bernard on guitar, and a couple guest artists serve up a spicy buffet of varied hot licks and cool grooves. The good news is that the trio play like one fine-tuned New Orleans organism, especially on shifty up-tempo numbers like “Big ’Uns Get the Ball Rolling.” The bad news is the sound gets a little monotonous after a while. My favorite track is the soulful “Water From an Ancient Well,” which provides some memorable counterpoint between Bernard’s guitar, and the duo of Skerik on sax and Mark Mullins on trombone, followed by sweeping amen solos by all three.

Charlie Hunter Trio
Copperopolis
Ropeadope

Similarly, some fine Orleans funky bobbin’ and weavin’ here, but with a more electric, psychedelic edge, especially in the title track. My favorites are the knowing electric piano-padded “Frontman,” the skulking cat-in-the-alley “Blue Sock,” and the trio’s syncopatico (if you will) version of Monk’s “Think of One.”

Jeff Lang
Prepare Me Well
Telarc

This Australian guitarist-singer-songwriter blends blues, root music, folk, and rock in this, his first American release, which includes re-releases of some of his Australian titles. His literally plucky virtuosity is evident starting on the second cut, the frantic “The Road Is Not Your Only Friend,” and his twangy Ry Cooder personality kicks in on the third, “London.” “Too Easy to Kill” goes into an amplified acoustic rock slide on a hard-hitting contemplation of violence. “Mr. God” is a trippy take on the creator as iffy job applicant. And another standout is the bitter love-gone-bad “Prepare Me Well.”

Mike Stern
Who Let the Cats Out?
Heads Up

The versatile guitarist is joined by a great, large, rotating crew for this spirited ride through Stern’s heartfelt, sometimes impish compositions. The sound is effervescent, punctuated by some inspired bubbly vocalizations by Cameroonian bassist and singer Richard Bona, as on “Language.” The prayerful, quiet nylon-string “We’re With You” pays tribute to one seriously ill colleague and to another mourning his wife. The overall vibe remains quite Metheny-like, but in my book that’s high praise. These are deliciously concocted West Coast jazz delicacies, served with passion.

Jamie Saft Trio
Trouble
Tzadik

After the Kabbalah-like parsing of Bob Dylan’s lyrics over the years, it’s high time that someone pay tribute to the beauty of his music alone. Pianist/organist Jamie Saft, bassist Greg Cohen, and drummer Ben Perowsky take that tack in this latest addition to the Radical Jewish Culture series. But oy vey! Though most of the group’s arrangements are unobjectionable enough, there is—as the corporate types say—no value added. You suspect that they’re rockin’ in their heads as they play along with the Dylan tracks deeply ingrained there, but the pleasure’s all theirs. And guest vocals by Mike Patton on “Ballad of a Thin Man” are downright cringe inducing in their stylistic self-indulgence. That is to say it ain’t only Mr. Jones who doesn’t have a clue. Antony, singing a too-precious soft-shoe-style “Living the Blues,” doesn’t fare much better. Trouble’s the word all right.

Maria Muldaur
Heart of Mine: Maria Muldaur Sings Love Songs of Bob Dylan
Telarc

Uh oh, again, you might think. But backed by excellent instrumentalists in sensibly humble arrangements, Muldaur takes what could have become a tacky vanity project and fashions a tribute in the best sense of the word. The originals lurk in mind, but her versions are thoughtful and deeply felt mental overlays. Her “Heart of Mine” is especially moving, bringing out its seductive vulnerability, seasoned with a slightly husky world-weariness and Cranston Clements’s elegant Spanish-inflected guitar solo. “Make You Feel My Love” also brings out the sheer, sweet ardor of Dylan’s tune. “I’d go hungry, I’d go blind for you, I’d go crawling down the avenue…. There is nothing I wouldn’t do to make you feel my love…go to the ends of the earth for you, to make you feel my love.” If you sometimes forget that beneath his many masks, some of them so sagely bitter, there’s also just a wonderfully tender balladeer in Dylan, this album will gently remind you.

Liquid Soul
One Two Punch
Telarc

The eight-piece collective piloted by saxophonist/composer Mars Williams packs a punch, indeed, in this latest acid-jazz burn, with tight horns topping grooves that segue from soul to funk to hip-hop, synth and studio doodads sometimes dressing up the package in a light otherworldly electronica. Dig, particularly, the wah-wahed, batty-based, percussive hyperfunk in “Sex God” and “Stop.” Great party tracks. Or well suited for iPod therapy as you gear up for work, unleashing your inner cyborg groove thang on the subway. Just try not to knock anyone down if you’re still shakin’ it in the elevator.

-A.C.K.